A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, in full Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, (conceived October 15, 1931, Rameswaram, India—passed on July 27, 2015, Shillong), Indian researcher and legislator who assumed a main part in the improvement of India's rocket and atomic weapons programs. He was leader of India from 2002 to 2007.
Kalam acquired a degree in aeronautical designing from the Madras Institute of Technology and in 1958 joined the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO). In 1969 he moved to the Indian Space Research Organization, where he was project overseer of the SLV-III, the principal satellite dispatch vehicle that was both planned and delivered in India. Rejoining DRDO in 1982, Kalam arranged the program that created various effective rockets, which procured him the epithet "Rocket Man." Among those triumphs was Agni, India's first transitional reach ballistic rocket, which joined parts of the SLV-III and was dispatched in 1989.
From 1992 to 1997 Kalam was logical guide to the guard priest, and he later filled in as head logical consultant (1999–2001) to the public authority with the position of bureau serve. His noticeable part in the country's 1998 atomic weapons tests set India as an atomic force and set up Kalam as a public legend, albeit the tests caused incredible worry in the worldwide local area. In 1998 Kalam set forward a countrywide arrangement called Technology Vision 2020, which he portrayed as a guide for changing India from a less-created to a created society in 20 years. The arrangement called for, among different measures, expanding rural profitability, underscoring innovation as a vehicle for monetary development, and broadening admittance to medical care and instruction.
In 2002 India's decision National Democratic Alliance (NDA) set forward Kalam to succeed active President Kocheril Raman Narayanan. Kalam was selected by the Hindu patriot (Hindutva) NDA despite the fact that he was Muslim, and his height and famous allure were with the end goal that even the fundamental resistance, the Indian National Congress, additionally proposed his office. Kalam effectively won the political race and was confirmed as India's eleventh president, a generally stylized post, in July 2002. He left office toward the finish of his term in 2007 and was prevailing by Pratibha Patil, the country's first lady president.
After getting back to non military personnel life, Kalam stayed focused on utilizing science and innovation to change India into a created country and filled in as a teacher at a few colleges. On July 27, 2015, he fell while conveying a talk at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong and was pronounced dead from heart failure soon a short time later.
Kalam composed a few books, including a self-portrayal, Wings of Fire (1999). Among his various honors were two of the country's most noteworthy distinctions, the Padma Vibhushan (1990) and the Bharat Ratna (1997).
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